![]() According to it, yielding occurs when the distortion energy reaches a critical value. It was initially proposed by Hubert in 1904 and further developed by von Mises in 1913\(^3\). One of those is the maximum distortion energy theory, which is applied in many fields such as rubber bearings and applications with other ductile materials. Many theories and concepts have been derived from the basic concept of continuum mechanics. Therefore, it assumes that for every instant of time and for every point in space occupied by the medium, there is a punctual particle. The continuum mechanics supposes what is called a homogenization of the medium, such that microscopic fluctuations are averaged and a continuous field that models the medium can be obtained. It was only in the 19th century that the quantitative and mathematical theory of the elasticity of bodies was born, together with the continuum mechanics, which allowed the use of integral and differential calculus when modeling elastic phenomena. However, engineering wasn’t the only reason for the study of elasticity theory, as that research was also linked to the attempt of interpreting the nature and theory of ether\(^2\). It is commonly accepted that the history of elasticity theory began with the studies of Robert Hooke in the 17th century\(^1\) who explored the fundamental concepts of deformation of spring and the displacement of a beam. ![]() The von Mises yield criterion states that if the von Mises stress of a material under load is equal or greater than the yield limit of the same material under simple tension then the material will yield. ![]() It is mostly used for ductile materials, such as metals. Von Mises stress is a value used to determine if a given material will yield or fracture.
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